In the mid-19th century, a Jesuit order settled in this neighborhood. They moved into a building on a busy street and commissioned the construction of a neo-Gothic cruciform church in its backyard. The church, designed by Louis Pavot, was erected between 1860 and 1865.

The church initially had a polygonal choir, a transept, and a short nave with a crowning bell tower. When it was decided to extend the church to the street in front, the bell tower disappeared, along with the mansion where the Jesuits had originally settled.

The expansion, which effectively extended the church, took place between 1937 and 1939. The architect appointed for this project was Antoine Courtens. The expansion resulted in a brick facade facing the street, which, despite the clear influence of the Art Deco style through the round arch, the monumental rose window, and the statues of the twelve apostles, still conveys a more traditional impression.

The entire monastery complex surrounding the church, and the church itself, has been vacant since 2004. In 2007, the Jesuits sold the entire complex to a developer, who intended to convert the site into a luxury hotel. The complex was squatted in 2010 by a collective advocating for housing rights. It housed approximately 200 undocumented immigrants until they were evicted by force in 2013, amid widespread media attention, and relocated.